Appraisal of Child Labour on the Punctuality and Study Habits Among Selected Primary Schools in Eti-Osa, Lagos State

Appraisal of Child Labour on the Punctuality and Study Habits Among Selected Primary Schools in Eti-Osa, Lagos State

Chapter One

 Significance of the Study

Based on the findings of this study, it is hoped that:

Children will be enlightened on the importance of education through regular school attendance and punctuality, which would make them appreciate the value of their academic performance.

Parents and community will develop positive interest towards their children’s educational, punctuality to school and study habits.

Ministry of Education and curriculum planners will develop strategies that will reduce or eradicate child labor.

Curriculum planners will be encouraged to introduce appropriate curricula to suit each season of the year.

Educators will henceforth appreciate and encourage pupils through awards of certificate of regular attendance and punctuality to pupils who deserved it.

Scope of the Study

The study examines appraisal of Child Labour on the punctualitiy and study habits among selected Primary Schools in Eti-Osa, Lagos State. The scope of this study includes pupils from five (5) primary schools selected in Eti-Osa Local Government Area of Lagos State. The schools are evenly picked across Eti-Osa Local Government Area.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

Empirical Studies

Rosati and Rossi (2001) conducted a research on the effect of child labour on school attendance and the effects of hours worked on school attainment. The objective was the effect of child labour on school attendance and its effect on hours of school attainment. The researcher utilized survey methods to gather data from Pacistan and Nicaragua, using questionnaire as instrument for collection of the data. The population for the study was one thousand seven hundred and thirteen (1713). The sample comprised of one thousand four hundred and fourty one (1441) children living in the rural households in which mother and father were both present. The similarities between the study and this study were the use of questionnaire and the use of primary school pupils (both boys and girls). The study differs from this study will regards to sample size. The sample size for the study was one thousand, four hundred and forty-one (1441) including both parents. While this study was six hundred pupils only.

Dachi and Garrett (2002) carried out a study in Tanzania on child labour and its impact on children‟s access to and participation in primary education the main objective of the study was to determine how the household division of labour, based on the structure of the family kin system, affected girls and boys‟ access to and participation in primary school. Case study design was used, both quantitative and qualitative research technique were adopted for this investigation. The researchers selected four (4) districts; Mufindi, Mkurananga, Moshi and Pangani for the samples, the study examined child labour and its impact on children‟s access to and participation in primary education similar to the present study. Both studies used pupils in primary schools (boys/girls), using schools documents of the respondents.

Dachi and Garret (2002) used school documents and semi structured interview while the present study used self structured questionnaire, school attendant and report cards of the children. The present study on impact of child labour on attendance and academic performance of pupils in public primary schools in Niger State in the following manner:

The researcher here used only pupils of primary four (4), five (5) and six-(6) because they were between the age mostly used for child labour in the area and their record of school attendance and class performance are over three (3) years in school.

The researcher did not interview local heads and workshop consultations.

There was no use of diaries written by children over an extended period of time.

Dachi and Garrett (2002) used case study and they all used children with access to participation in primary education. The data collected due to the restricted timing was not randomly selected, they are supported in such a way that they move as efficiently as possible through the system to successful completion of at least the primary phase and has erratic at school.

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

The study was approved by the Project Committee of the Department.  Informed consent was obtained from all study participants before they were enrolled in the study. Permission was sought from the relevant authorities to carry out the study. Date to visit the place of study for questionnaire distribution was put in place in advance.

Chapter four

RESULTS

Table 1:  child labor  and Students’ Academic Performance

Scores	Grade	N	%	Mean	SD
0-39	Fail	29	16.1
40-49	Pass	107	59.4
50-59	Merit	41	22.7
60-69	Credit	03	1.8
70 and above	Distinction	–	–
Total		180	100	43.80	6.618

Table 1 shows that 29 (16.1%) of the students failed, 107 representing 59.4% had ordinary pass while 41(22.7%) and 03(1.8%) had passed at merit and credit levels respectively. This shows that out of the 180 student hawkers, 136(75.5%) of them scored below average. This implies that level of academic performance of student hawkers was low.

Research question 2: How will the rate of punctuality affect children exposed to child labor among selected Primary School pupils?

Table 4.5: Respondent on question 4

Options	Frequency	Percentage
Positvely	110	61
Negatively	31	17
Undecided	39	22
Total	100	100

Source: Field Survey, 2021

From the responses obtained as expressed in the table above, 110 respondents constituting 61% said positively. 31 respondents constituting 17% said negatively. While the remain 39 respondents constituting 22% were undecided.

Research question 3. What adverse effect does child labor have on classroom participation among selected Primary School pupils?, i.e does child labour have adverse effect on pupils classroom participation?

Table 4.6: Respondent on question 3

Options	Frequency	Percentage
Yes	108	60
No	36	20
Undecided	36	20
Total	100	100

Source: Field Survey, 2021

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

 Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were put forward:

1. Parents and community should be mindful of age and sex of their children before exposing them to labour.
2.  Children exposed to labour activities should be given equal right to attend school regardless of any engagement in labour activity.
3.  Parents and the school authority should ensure that female pupils are retained in school by providing girl child friendly environment.
4.  Extra free classes should be introduced to children exposed to labour by the curriculum planners, with special preference to the female pupils exposed to labour.
5.  The Home Economics curriculum planners through the Ministry of Education should introduce entrepreneur subjects such as catering, tailoring, fashion design at primary school level.
6.  The Government/Community should develop positive strategies to labour reduction or eradication towards a fruitful fulfillment of children‟s school attendance and academic performance such as: introducing more subsidies such as free meal tickets, reduced school fees or certificates of school attendance.

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